Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezivamile zama-sealant elastic asabelayo ayingxenye eyodwa emakethe, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ye-silicone kanye ne-polyurethane sealant. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-sealant elastic zinomehluko emaqenjini azo asebenzayo asebenzayo kanye nezakhiwo zamaketanga amakhulu alungisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kunemikhawulo eminingi noma encane ezingxenyeni nasezindaweni zayo ezisebenzayo. Lapha, sethula izindlela zokulungisa ama-sealant amaningana avamile e-sealant elastic asabelayo asebenzayo ayingxenye eyodwa futhi siqhathanise izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-sealant elastic, ukuze sijulise ukuqonda kwethu futhi senze izinqumo ezifanele ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo.
1. Indlela evamile yokwelapha i-sealant eguquguqukayo enesici esisodwa
Ama-sealant avamile e-reactive elastic ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi: i-silicone (SR), i-polyurethane (PU), i-silyl-terminated modified polyurethane (SPU), i-silyl-terminated polyether (MS), i-prepolymer inamaqembu asebenzayo ahlukene kanye nezindlela zokusabela ezihlukene zokwelapha.
1.1Indlela yokwelapha ye-silicone elastomer sealant
Umfanekiso 1. Indlela yokulungisa i-silicone sealant
Uma kusetshenziswa ama-sealant e-silicone, i-prepolymer isabela ngamanani amancane omswakama emoyeni bese iqina noma ivuvuke ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst. Imikhiqizo elandelanayo yizinto ezincane zama-molecule. Indlela yokusebenza iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ngokusho kwezinto ezincane zama-molecule ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, i-silicone sealant ingahlukaniswa futhi ngohlobo lwe-deacidification, uhlobo lwe-deketoxime, kanye nohlobo lwe-dealcoholization. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalezi zinhlobo ze-silicone glue kufingqiwe kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinhlobo eziningana zezinamathiseli ze-silicone
1.2 Indlela yokwelapha ye-polyurethane elastic sealant
I-polyurethane sealant enengxenye eyodwa (PU) uhlobo lwe-polymer equkethe izingxenye ze-urethane eziphindaphindayo (-NHCOO-) kuchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-molecule. Indlela yokwelapha ukuthi i-isocyanate isabela namanzi ukuze yakhe i-carbamate ephakathi engazinzile, bese ibola ngokushesha ukuze ikhiqize i-CO2 ne-amine, bese i-amine isabela ne-isocyanate eningi ohlelweni, bese ekugcineni yakha i-elastomer enesakhiwo senethiwekhi. Ifomula yayo yokusabela kokwelapha ilandelayo:
Umfanekiso 1. Indlela yokusabela kokwelapha kwe-polyurethane sealant
1.3 Indlela yokwelapha ye-silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Umfanekiso 3. Indlela yokusabela kokwelapha kwe-silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Ngenxa yokushiyeka okuthile kwe-polyurethane sealants, i-polyurethane isanda kuguqulwa yi-silane ukuze ilungiselele izinamathiselo, yakha uhlobo olusha lwe-sealing adhesive enochungechunge oluyinhloko lwesakhiwo se-polyurethane kanye neqembu lokugcina le-alkoxysilane, elibizwa ngokuthi i-silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Ukusabela kokwelapha kwalolu hlobo lwe-sealant kufana nokwe-silicone, okungukuthi, amaqembu e-alkoxy asabela ngomswakama ukuze adlule ku-hydrolysis kanye ne-polycondensation ukuze akhe isakhiwo senethiwekhi esizinzile se-Si-O-Si esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (Isithombe 3). Amaphuzu okuxhumanisa inethiwekhi naphakathi kwamaphuzu okuxhumanisa inethiwekhi kukhona izakhiwo ze-polyurethane eziguquguqukayo.
1.4 Indlela yokwelapha yama-sealant e-polyether aqedwe yi-silyl
I-polyether sealant eqediwe yi-silyl (MS) iyi-adhesive eyodwa eyingxenye esuselwe ekuguqulweni kwe-silane. Ihlanganisa izinzuzo ze-polyurethane ne-silicone, iyisizukulwane esisha semikhiqizo ye-adhesive sealant, engenayo i-PVC, uwoyela we-silicone, i-isocyanate kanye ne-solvent. I-MS glue isabela nomswakama emoyeni ekushiseni kwegumbi, ukuze i-polymer ene-silanized enesakhiwo se--Si(OR) NOMA -SIR (OR)- i-hydrolyzed ekugcineni kweketanga bese ixhunyaniswa ibe yi-elastomer enesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-Si-O-Si ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokuvala nokubopha. Inqubo yokusabela kokwelapha imi kanje:
Umfanekiso 4. Indlela yokwelapha ye-polyether sealant eqedwe yi-silyl
2. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-sealant avamile asebenzayo e-single-component elastic sealants
2.1 Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-silicone sealant
⑴Izinzuzo ze-silicone sealant:
① Ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nomoya-mpilo, ukumelana ne-ozone kanye nokumelana ne-ultraviolet; ② Ukuguquguquka okuhle kokushisa okuphansi.
⑵Izinkinga ze-silicone sealant:
①Ukuhlobisa kabusha okubi futhi akukwazi ukupendwa; ②Amandla okudabuka aphansi; ③Ukumelana nowoyela okwanele; ④Akukwazi ukumelana nokubhoboza; ⑤Ungqimba olunamathelayo lukhiqiza kalula i-leachate yamafutha engcolisa ukhonkolo, itshe kanye nezinye izinto ezikhululekile.
2.2 Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-Polyurethane Sealants
⑴Izinzuzo ze-polyurethane sealant:
① Ukunamathela okuhle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-substrate; ② Ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi; ③ Ukuqina okuhle kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokululama, ezifanele amalunga aguqukayo; ④ Amandla aphezulu omshini, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana nowoyela kanye nokumelana nokuguga kwezinto eziphilayo; ⑤ Iningi lama-polyurethane sealant aqeda umswakama ayingxenye eyodwa awanciphisi futhi awangcolisi i-substrate kanye nemvelo; ⑥ Ubuso be-sealant bungapendwa futhi kube lula ukubusebenzisa.
⑵Izinkinga ze-polyurethane sealant:
① Uma iqina endaweni enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu ngesivinini esisheshayo, amabhamuza akhiqizwa kalula, okuthinta ukusebenza kwe-sealant; ② Lapho kuhlanganiswa futhi kuvalwa izingxenye ze-substrates ezingenazo izimbobo (njengengilazi, insimbi, njll.), ngokuvamile kudingeka i-primer; ③ Ifomula yombala isengozini yokuguga kwe-UV, futhi ukuzinza kokugcina kweglue kuthinteka kakhulu yizimo zokupakisha kanye nezangaphandle; ④ Ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokuguga akwanele kancane.
2.3 Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezithiyo ze-polyurethane eziguqulwe nge-silane
⑴Izinzuzo ze-silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Ukwelapha akukhiqizi amabhamuza; ② Kunokuguquguquka okuhle, ukumelana ne-hydrolysis kanye nokuqina kokumelana namakhemikhali; ③ Ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokuguga, ukuqina kokugcinwa komkhiqizo; ④ Ukuzivumelanisa kabanzi nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho kuhlanganiswa Ngokuvamile, akudingeki i-primer; ⑤Ubuso bungapendwa.
⑵Izinkinga ze-silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Ukumelana ne-UV akukuhle njengokumelana ne-silicone sealant; ② Ukumelana nokudabuka kubi kancane kunokumelana ne-polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezithiyo ze-polyether eziqediwe yi-silyl
⑴Izinzuzo ze-polyether sealant eqedwe yi-silyl:
① Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokubopha kuma-substrate amaningi futhi ingafinyelela ukubopha okungena-primer; ② Inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kanye nokumelana nokuguga kwe-UV kune-polyurethane evamile; ③ Ingapendwa ebusweni bayo.
⑵Izinkinga ze-polyether sealant eqediwe yi-silyl:
① Ukumelana nesimo sezulu akukuhle njengokwe-silicone silicone, futhi imifantu ivela ebusweni ngemva kokuguga; ② Ukunamathela engilazini kubi.
Ngesethulo esingenhla, sinokuqonda kokuqala kwezindlela zokupholisa zezinhlobo eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-single-component reactive elastic sealants, futhi ngokuqhathanisa izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo, singafinyelela ukuqonda okuphelele komkhiqizo ngamunye. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, i-sealant ingakhethwa ngokuya ngemibandela yangempela yokusetshenziswa kwengxenye ye-bonding ukuze kufezwe ukuvalwa okuhle noma ukubopha kwengxenye yesicelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-15-2023